Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute
International Journal of Transportation Engineering
2322-259X
2538-3728
3
3
2016
01
01
Toughness Performance of Recycled Aggregates for use in Road Pavement
171
180
EN
Vahid
Ayan
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Islamshahr,
Tehran ,Iran
vahidayan@gmail.com
Alireza
Khavandi
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
Joshua
Omer
Assistant Professor, Sustainable Technology Research Center, Kingston University London, UK
j.r.omer@kingston.ac.uk
Mukesh
Limbachiya
Assistant Professor, Sustainable Technology Research Center, Kingston University London, UK
m.limbachiya@kingston.ac.uk
10.22119/ijte.2016.14770
<span>The policy of driving organization such as Highways Agency is towards the use of performance related <span>specifications. This policy and adoption of European wide aggregate standards on the one hand, and <span>sustainable construction pressures on the other, all strongly emphasize on further need for more <span>developments to specifications and performance assessment methodologies instead of creating barriers to the <span>use of suitable materials. Performance related specifications for pavement foundations are being developed <span>and are primarily based around in-situ control and compliance testing. Laboratory based tools for assessment <span>of the performance of foundation materials and their durability under adverse conditions would be a key <span>factor to the successful use of alternative materials. <span>The toughness performance of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) mixed with natural aggregates (NA) <span>was evaluated based on the test specifications given in the NCHRP Report 598. For this purpose Los <span>Angeles Abrasion and degradation test results were correlated with established Micro-Deval designations in <span>NCHRP report 598.Three main factors involved in performance assessment; i.e. (a) traffic loading, (b) <span>moisture levels in highway pavements and (c) the temperature conditions. The research study showed that <span>the materials were appropriate for unbound subbase for medium traffic in non freezing condition from the <span>standpoint of toughness. Also they are suitable for low traffic situations with low moisture and freezing <span>weather.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span>
Recycled aggregate,Toughness,performance,Pavement
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14770.html
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14770_adf1f241d906510965c25937ba497830.pdf
Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute
International Journal of Transportation Engineering
2322-259X
2538-3728
3
3
2016
01
01
Effects of Multi-directionality on Pedestrian Flow Characteristics
181
188
EN
Zahra
Elahi
MSc. Student, Department of Transportation Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
zahra.elahi@yahoo.com
Meisam
Akbarzadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Transportation Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
makbarzadeh@cc.iut.ac.ir
10.22119/ijte.2016.14771
<span>In design and analysis, standard references assume the pedestrian flow as unidirectional. In reality <span>however, pedestrian flow is usually bi-directional. The main question pursued in this paper is that whether <span>the main characteristics of pedestrian flow the same under uni- and bi-directional conditions. In order to <span>achieve this goal, effect of bi-directional stream is investigated on behavior and main parameters of <span>pedestrian flow. Part of the data for the research was collected via controlled experiments and another <span>part was videotaped from Isfahan walkways. It is shown that under bi-directional condition, mean speed <span>of pedestrians is significantly more than the similar condition under uni-directional regime. Moreover, <span>relative discrepancy between pedestrian speeds in two types of flow becomes evident in densities higher <span>than 0.6 person/m<span>2<span>. Speed of pedestrians in the majority and minority group were recorded and there from <span>it was concluded that the density in the vicinity of a person has a greater effect on her walking speed <span>compared to the opposite flow. In order to avoid colliding to opposite flow, pedestrians try to follow the <span>preceding person and therefor lines are established within the crowd. Fundamental diagrams are also <span>derived for different directional ration. As the index of disorder, entropy was calculated for uni- and <span>bidirectional flows. It was concluded that entropy was lower for bidirectional flows which means that <span>order improves under bidirectional regime of flow. This is in accordance with less freedom of movement <span>under bidirectional regime.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span>
Fundamental diagram,pedestrian flow,bidirectional flow,traversing lines,Entropy
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14771.html
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14771_1cedfd7308840f57c39b7851942b6a65.pdf
Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute
International Journal of Transportation Engineering
2322-259X
2538-3728
3
3
2016
01
01
Evaluation of PFWD and DCP as Quality Control Tools for Sub-Grade of GW and SW Soils
189
194
EN
Iman
Salehi Hikouei
Ph.D. candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares
University, Tehran, Iran.
Abolfazl
Hasani
MSc. Grad., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares,University, Tehran, Iran
Ziba
Shirkhani Kelagari
MSc. Grad., Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad Ferdowsi University, Mashhad,
Iran
10.22119/ijte.2016.14772
<span>The Stiffness modulus is one of the necessary inputs in mechanistic-empirical pavement design and Quality Assurance/Quality Control (<span><em>Q Q </em><span><em>A C </em><span>) of pavement layers construction. The use of Portable Falling Weight Deflectometer <span>(PFWD) for measuring the stiffness modulus of unbound pavement layers is increasing worldwide. The modulus can <span>also be indirectly calculated by the results of other available devices. The Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is an <span>easy-to-access device for evaluating the strength of unbound pavement layers in a cheap, easy and fast way. In this <span>study, the stiffness modulus of PFWD and penetration rate of DCP was correlated for the sub-grades ranging from <span>well-graded sand (SW), which is highly consisted of SiO<span>2 <span>and Al<span>2<span>O<span>3<span>, and well-graded gravel (GW) classification. <span>In addition, the results indicated that a good correlation exists between PFWD moduli and DCP results and also for <span>the precise evaluation of the SW soil modulus with a considerable amount of SiO<span>2 <span>and Al<span>2<span>O<span>3<span>, a coefficient factor, of <span><em>C </em><span>= <span>2.39 <span>, was presented.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
stiffness modulus,PFWD,DCP,mechanistic-empirical
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14772.html
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14772_e057892efaaa3319521748ca76c12ae3.pdf
Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute
International Journal of Transportation Engineering
2322-259X
2538-3728
3
3
2016
01
01
Enhancing Skid Resistance of Two-Component Road Marking Paint using Mineral and Recycled Materials
195
206
EN
Ali
Siyahi
M.Sc Student Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Amir
Kavussi
Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
kavussi@yahoo.co.uk
Amin Mirza
Boroujerdian
Assistant Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
boroujerdian@modares.ac.ir
10.22119/ijte.2016.14773
<span>Low skid resistance of road marking paint is one of the major issues in the safety of vehicle drivers, cyclists, <span>and pedestrians when traveling on the city streets. Among the variety of marking paint, two-component paint <span>is widely used at intersections and roundabouts. Therefore, the paint used should have adequate skid <span>resistance. The object of this study was to evaluate the skid resistance and other physical properties of twocomponent road marking paint that is widely used in Tehran. Several additives were used and with the use of <span>a British Pendulum Skid Resistance Tester, the skid resistance values (SRV) of the specimens were <span>determined. In addition, abrasion resistance, reflectivity and adhesive properties of the specimens were <span>evaluated. The tests results showed that the conventional road marking paint has a poor skid resistance. The <span>problem may be resolved by using additive materials such as waste glass powder, silica granules and Lika <span>(i.e. expanded clay). <span>Results suggest that waste glass powder has shown a better performance than the other additives, as it <span>enhances the skid resistance of the paint. According to the pendulum test values, the application of waste <span>glass powder as much as 10% by weight of road marking paint may respectively increase the skid resistance <span>and reflectivity up to 21 units (from 38 to 59) and 40 units (from 239 to 279) so that it does not impose much <span>negative impact on the other properties of the paint. It was th<span>at the additive materials caused a <span>reduction in the abrasion resistance of the road marking paint.</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span>
Two-component road marking paint,skid resistance,Abrasion resistance,reflectivity,adhesive strength
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14773.html
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14773_7132939d5ed2b9df310d1f4fc177b587.pdf
Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute
International Journal of Transportation Engineering
2322-259X
2538-3728
3
3
2016
01
01
Solving a Bi-Objective Multi-Product Vehicle Routing Problem with Heterogeneous Fleets under an Uncertainty Condition
207
225
EN
Reza
Tavakkoli-Moghaddam
0000-0002-6757-926X
Professor, School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
tavakoli@ut.ac.ir
Zohreh
Raziei
M.Sc. Student, School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
zohrehraziee@ut.ac.ir
Siavash
Tabrizian
M.Sc. Grad., Department of Industrial Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
s_tabrizian@ie.sharif.edu
10.22119/ijte.2016.14774
<span>This paper presents a novel bi-objective multi-product capacitated vehicle routing problem with <span>uncertainty in demand of retailers and volume of products (UCVRP) and heterogeneous vehicle fleets. The <span>first of two conflict fuzzy objective functions is to minimize the cost of the used vehicles, fuel consumption <span>for full loaded vehicles and shortage of products. The second objective is to minimize the shortage of <span>products for all retailers. In order to get closer to a real-world situation, the uncertainty in the demand of <span>retailers is applied using fuzzy numbers. Additionally, the volume of products is applied using robust <span>parameters, because the possible value of this parameter is not distinct and belongs to a bounded uncertainty <span>set. The fuzzy-robust counterpart model may be larger than the deterministic form or the uncertain model <span>with one approach and it has with further complexity; however, it provides a better efficient solution for this <span>problem. The proposed fuzzy approach is used to solve the bi-objective mixed-integer linear problem to find <span>the most preferred solution. Moreover, it is impossible to improve one of the objective functions without <span>considering deterioration in the other objective functions. In order to show the conflict between two <span>objective functions in an excellent fashion, a Pareto-optimal solution with the <span>ε<span>-constraint method is <span>obtain <span>Some numerical test problems are used to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the presented <span>model.</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span>
Capacitated vehicle routing problem,Bi-objective model,robust optimization,fuzzy optimization,Multiple products
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14774.html
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14774_b452e145b1a69508d42d79141c30d402.pdf
Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute
International Journal of Transportation Engineering
2322-259X
2538-3728
3
3
2016
01
01
Investigation of Rutting Performance of WMA Mixtures Containing Copper Slag
227
235
EN
Hassan
Ziari
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak,
Tehran, Iran
Ali
Moniri
Ph.D Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
ali.moniri1@gmail.com
Mohamad Javad
Ayazi
MSc Grad., Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
javadayazi@gmail.com
Mostafa
Nakhaei
Ph.D Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
m.nakhaei@ut.ac.ir
10.22119/ijte.2016.14775
<span>Copper slag (CS) is an abrasive blasting grit made of granulated slag from metal smelting processes. As copper slags <span>are known to be waste material and cause a lot of environmental problems, it would be a good idea to use them in <span>different sections of industry such as pavement construction. On the other hand, in order to save energy and reduce <span>the amount of pollutants released during the construction of asphalt pavements, the technology of Warm Mix Asphalt <span>(WMA) is developing considerably. A very high amount of copper slag is produced in south of Iran where the weather <span>is considered to be hot and rutting is the most important distress of asphalt concretes. This paper presents the influence <span>of utilization of copper slag as fine material on the rutting performance of warm mixed asphalt. A laboratory study has <span>been conducted on five asphalt mixtures with various CS contents, namely; 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight <span>of total aggregates. The amount of optimum bitumen and the value of Marshall Stability (MS) were determined with <span>MS test for the samples. Then creep test and wheel track tests were conducted on the produced samples. The results <span>indicated that the use of 20% CS in WMA enhances the marshal stability and rutting performance of WMA mixtures. <span>However, the resistance of mixtures against rutting falls substantially by adding more than 20% CS.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span>
copper slag,Warm Mix Asphalt,by-products in asphalt mixtures,Moisture Sensitivity,Creep test
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14775.html
http://www.ijte.ir/article_14775_cbcdca6f0b1289d6e8a0c750f68dbb69.pdf